Ultrasound examination
Diagnostic Ultrasound & Menopausal Hormone Treatment

Dr Deirdré Grobbelaar

Learn how diagnostic pelvic ultrasound helps specialists evaluate
reproductive health, track structural uterine changes and tailor
menopausal hormone treatment for optimal safety.

Emergency Cases

Dr. Grobbelaar is on call for emergency medical cases. Dr. Grobbelaar is on call for all emergency medical cases.

082 55 16 222 / 200 Call 082 55 16 222

Practice Location

Find us at Suite 5, Hermanus Mediclinic, Ravenscroft Street, Hermanus.

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Consulting Hours

Mon – Fri 8:00 AM – 4:30 PM
Weekends & Holidays Closed

About our practice.

Dr. Grobbelaar has practiced solely in ultrasound since 1995, bringing decades of experience to diagnostic imaging in Hermanus.

1987
Medical Degree

MBChB (UP)

Medical degree completed at the University of Pretoria.

1988–91
Specialist Training

Ultrasound Training

Completed ultrasound training at Steve Biko Pretoria Academic Hospital.

1991
Practice Established

Eugene Marais Hospital

Began her practice in Pretoria at Eugene Marais Hospital.

1995
Hermanus

Hermanus Mediclinic

Moved to Hermanus Mediclinic, where she has practiced in ultrasound ever since.

Understanding
Ultrasounds.
Ultrasound Technology.

Ultrasound is a safe, painless imaging technique that uses sound waves to produce detailed images of the inside of the body.

The imaging, also called ultrasound scanning or sonography, involves the use of a transducer (probe) & specialised sound conducting gel placed directly on the skin.

When Ultrasound Can Help

Diagnostic Ultrasound.

The following situations can benefit from an ultrasound examination.

  • Abdominal pain and masses
  • TIA, blackouts, or loss of consciousness
  • Dizziness
  • Blood in the urine
  • Swollen or painful calves
  • Leg pain during or after immobility
  • Swallowing problems
  • Abnormal vaginal bleeding
  • Antenatal care and pregnancy diagnosis
  • Shoulder, knee pain or swelling
  • Elbow or ankle pain
  • Breast nodules and cyst follow-ups
  • Routine breast examinations
  • Lymph glands
  • Hernias
Understanding Ultrasound

How diagnostic ultrasound
works.

01

We use inaudible sound (frequencies between 2–18MHz) to examine and scan organs, joints
and blood vessels.

02

Sound waves are transmitted into the body using a transducer (probe) placed against the skin.

03

The sound waves travel through the body and are reflected back when they encounter different tissues and structures.

04

The transducer receives these returning sound waves and converts them into electrical
signals.

05

A computer processes these signals to create a real-time image of the structures being
examined.

Doppler Ultrasound

Understanding Doppler.

Directional Doppler is used to measure the velocity and direction of blood flow, making it useful
in examinations of the heart and
blood vessels.

Types of Doppler
01

Directional

PW / CW / AngioDoppler

Measures the velocity and direction of blood flow and is useful in heart and blood vessel examinations.

02

Colour

Colour Doppler

Superimposed on the 2D picture to indicate direction of flow, turbulence, laminar flow, incompetence and short circuits.

03

Angio Doppler

Non-directional

Picks up very low and slow flow and can be used to assess perfusion.

Heart & Vascular

Abdominal Aorta Aneurysm.

When the wall of the main blood vessel weakens, mainly due to atherosclerosis, the vessel can begin to dilate.

In addition, ultrasound allows the abdominal aorta to be measured and monitored, helping us
follow its diameter changes.

3 cm
Yearly monitoring

When the aorta dilates above 3 cm in diameter, patients are followed up yearly to monitor
its growth.

4.5 cm
Vascular referral

When the aorta dilates more than 4.5 cm, patients are then referred to vascular surgeons for consideration of a stent.

Monitoring the diameter of the abdominal aorta helps identify changes that may require further assessment.

Neck

Carotid Duplex.

When patients experience blackouts, dizzy spells, strokes or temporary loss of consciousness, we examine the carotid arteries to assess the vessel walls and
blood flow.

The 2D image allows us to look for calcification, plaque, narrowing or thickening of the vessel lining, while Doppler assesses the movement of blood
through the arteries.

The 2D image allows us to look for calcification, plaque, narrowing or thickening of the vessel lining, while Doppler assesses the
movement of blood.

IMT
Intima-media thickness.
We can measure the inner layers of the common carotid artery. Reference values help interpret
the measurement and contribute to
cardiovascular risk assessment.